Description

Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or worn-out knee joint is replaced with an artificial implant. It is commonly performed to relieve pain and restore function in patients with severe arthritis or other knee joint conditions. Types of Knee Replacement: Total Knee Replacement (TKR): Involves replacing the entire knee joint, including the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and patella (kneecap), with prosthetic components. Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): Only the damaged portion of the knee joint (usually one of the three compartments) is replaced, preserving healthy bone and tissue. Key Features of the Procedure: Indications: Commonly performed for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other degenerative joint diseases that cause chronic pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Recommended when conservative treatments like physical therapy, medications, and injections have not been effective. Surgical Procedure: Incision: A cut is made over the knee to expose the joint. Reshaping: Damaged bone and cartilage are removed. Implanting Prosthetics: Metal and plastic components are positioned to recreate the surfaces of the knee joint. Materials: The artificial knee joint is usually made of metal (such as stainless steel or titanium) and high-grade plastic (polyethylene), which allows smooth movement. Recovery and Rehabilitation: Hospital Stay: Patients typically stay in the hospital for 1-3 days, although some surgeries may be outpatient. Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation begins shortly after surgery to regain strength and flexibility. Full recovery can take around 3-6 months, depending on the individual. Post-Operative Care: Pain management with medications. Monitoring for complications like blood clots, infections, or prosthetic loosening. Risks and Complications: Blood Clots: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a risk; blood thinners are often prescribed post-surgery. Infection: A serious but rare complication that may require additional treatment or surgery. Implant Wear: Over time, the artificial joint may wear out, especially in younger, more active patients. Stiffness: Some patients may experience stiffness or limited range of motion after surgery. Benefits: Pain Relief: Significant reduction in pain for the majority of patients. Improved Mobility: Most patients regain much of their previous range of motion and can return to normal activities. Durability: Modern knee implants last 15-20 years or more, though revision surgery may be required.